Psychological Health And Mental Health Essay - 1164 Words

What is psychological health? I think of psychological health I think of personal mental health. Mental health is defined as â€Å"Emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how we think, feel, and act. It also helps determine how we handle stress, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is important at every stage of life, from childhood and adolescence through adulthood.† (What Is Mental Health? |MentalHealth.gov, 2016). Psychological health is one of the most important factors of being a fully healthy person. Often times to maintain a healthy mind, body, and soul, we have to main regular check ups, eat properly and seek medical attention and counseling when needed. With respect to the counseling profession, mental health is a necessity that doesn’t get a lot of respect. As we know counseling has a negative stigma attached to it. We have to continue to get the message out that it is more than okay and often times necessary to seek help and counseling. There is no shame in getting the help needed and knowing that something is wrong. The strongest people are the ones that need help and get it, even though they may be nervous or embarrassed. On he contrast, shame comes from having a mental health issue and not getting the help that is needed to help deal with the problem. Often times pride gets in the way and help is refused. In some cultures it is believed that they can pray away any issues, and many prefer to handle issues within the family. ForShow MoreRelatedPsychological And Psychological Aspects Of Mental Health1951 Words   |  8 PagesMental Health- Normal or abnormal. Mental health is described as a state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her cognitive and emotional capabilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life. The impairment of behaviour in psychological and interpersonal disciplines in daily life are some of the aspects that are more likely to be considered as a sign of abnormality. Another aspect of abnormality in society is that whenRead MoreMental Health : A Psychological Disorder922 Words   |  4 PagesMental health is an issue which many individuals quietly struggle with in their daily lives. Psychological disorders, although extremely common, are often misunderstood by those who are not educated on the subject, even those who may be suffering from a mental disorder themselves. According to the 13th edition of the textbook Abnormal Psychology (Kring et al., 2015), a psychological disorder is defined as a clinically significant behavioral or psychol ogical syndrome or pattern that impact a personRead MorePsychological Research On Mental Health1923 Words   |  8 PagesPsychological research has had a fundamental impact on mental health in the UK, for instance, it has ignited new treatments and made the practices of organisations like the NHS more efficient. However, some may critique the impact research has actually had, for example, the change that has actually occurred because of research. Looking at the impact of research is vital because surely one of the main aims of research is to positively benefit patient’s lives. It means changes in the practices of healthRead MoreEmotional And Psychological Mental Health Essay1071 Words   |  5 PagesOver recent years’, emotional and psychological mental-health has become the biggest issue facing college students, today, because of increasing self-induced pressure, which, is causing more college students to experience frustration in athletics, suicide, failing grades, and more. â€Å"In October 2015, 69.2% of 2015 high school graduates were enrolled in colleges or universities† (â€Å"U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics†). This large percentage of incoming new freshman have to learn and adapt to college lifeRead MorePsychological And Mental Health Response Essay1803 Words   |  8 PagesDescribing a psychological or mental health response following exposure to a traumatic event has become an unachievable goal since there is no response to it. It is apparent that there are individual differences in resilience and risk factors that play a crucial role in response to potentially traumatic event and prevent a description of a response to an event that would affect people uniformly. During the course of a normal life span, most people at different times in their lives are confrontedRead MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Abortion On Mental Health1524 Words   |  7 PagesVarious studies have been conducted to show the psychological effects following an abortion. According to the results some women experience depression and anxiety. These psychological effects reflect on several factors. Abortion may relieve stress by ending an unwanted pregnancy, but the event itself may simultaneously be experienced as a stressor causing anxiety grief, guilt, despair and anger. These factors could lead to depression, as feelings of powerless, anger and self-condemnation are emotionsRead MoreMedical And Psychological Treatment Of Mental Health1141 Words   |  5 PagesThere is a severe lack of understanding about mental health throughout many communities throughout the country. Because of this, many people do not accept the fact that mental illness is a genuine struggle that many people face on a daily basis and, as a result, most do not understand how widespread it is, particularly for adolescents. According to recent research, 10-15% of teenagers have experienced some symptoms of depression, roughly 20% percent of teens will experience depress ion before theyRead MorePsychological Perspectives On Mental Health Disorders1728 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the world heath organisation (2010) â€Å"health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity†. When looking at the aspect of health most people will mention characteristics of physical health yet fail to include mental health. Psychological perspectives are the different ways in which psychologists look at individual’s behaviours, thoughts and feelings. Although some of the psychological perspectives are very different while othersRead MoreMental Health Records : Psychological Issues848 Words   |  4 PagesThe claimant was a 15 year old boy who alleged disability because of psychological issues. His mother reported that the claimant was attending school and was receiving special education services. He did not participate in any community or school activities. He was taking psychotr opic medications for behavioral problems and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); however, when he was not compliant he had problems at school. The mother indicated that the claimant had recently started counselingRead MoreMental Health Issues Impacted By Psychological Stress2105 Words   |  9 PagesHealth is an essential and important matter that the individual, collective and authorities of a country understand is central to our well-being and because of this significance a great deal of time and finance goes into its maintenance or restored state. However degrees of discrepancy occur as individuals, societies and governments have different views towards health that affect how we treat an illness and who we seek help from. Now, generally, Canadians recognize that the country employs a biomedical

Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners Essay

English Language Learners (ELL) require appropriate education in the English language. Reading, writing, listening, pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar are important for an ELL student to learn. Educators should use individualized lesson plans that will cater to each student’s abilities and knowledge of the secondary language. An ELL classroom is formed with students who do not have the capability to speak or read English fluently. These students are unable to participate in a mainstream classroom without some type of help. The ELL classroom will give students more time to practice English. Comprehensible Input Comprehensible input is academic learning messages. An ELL student must participate if they want to learn the material.†¦show more content†¦Specific feedback is necessary on areas that need to be mastered and areas needing improvement. Check the student understanding during the lesson and at the end of the lesson provide specific feedback to help the student succeed. Grouping Structures and Techniques Before implementing grouping in an ELL classroom, there are three things that need to be thought about â€Å"the teaching context, the teaching content and the individual learner† (Mustfa, 2002). After the decision to use grouping has been made an educator must figure out what outcome they want from their students. ELL educators should view grouping as a good technique. According to Mustfa (2002) educators â€Å"can begin with the process of information gathering, by looking at their teaching context, reviewing their teaching content and by getting to know their learners individually. When all this information is taken into consideration, the teachers will be ready to make effective decisions with regard to the process of grouping for teaching and learning activities in ELL classrooms.† Some researchers believe that grouping ELL students is an ineffective technique. The ELL students will be less likely to speak English if they are grouped together. These students will speak to each other in their native language and have no reason to speak to another in English. There are many techniques that can be used in a group setting. BuildingShow MoreRelated50 Strategies For Teaching English Language Learners1257 Words   |  6 Pages Book Review: 50 Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners Name Affiliation Date Book Review: 50 Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners Introduction Fifty Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners, Third Edition has been co-authored by Adrienne Herrell and Michael Jordan. It provides various methods that classroom teachers can apply while teaching the English language learners. Examples found in the book illustrate how both students and teachers canRead MoreTeaching And Learning Strategies For Teaching English Language Learners4159 Words   |  17 Pagestool and/or technology-program in primary classrooms for teaching English Language Learners was conducted. The search produced 476 potential studies, of which the most recent 6 studies that met inclusion criteria were selected. The results of these 6 studies were Introduction English is one of the most important languages spoken around the world; so much so, that several countries whose native language is not English are integrating English education in their school systems. These educational trendsRead MoreInstructional Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners Math1811 Words   |  8 PagesInstructional Strategies for Teaching English Language Learners Math EDU 534: Diverse Family Structures October 10, 2012 Abstract This paper investigates and examines the needs of English Language Learners (ELL) in our classrooms today. It defines who they are, gives statistics at three different levels, nationally, statewide and at the school level. A few general concerns about ELL are discussed and also some positiveRead MoreBilingual Education Is Effective Teaching Strategies For English Language Learners1265 Words   |  6 Pagesfiled of English Language Learning. To gain more insight from a professional standpoint, I have had the honor to interview the coordinator of an afterschool program for immigrant children and families, where I have been doing my service learning for the past two years. The program coordinator’s beliefs are unanimous with the four literature review findings that using paired reading, gesture, and providing bilingual education are effective teaching strategies for English Language Learners. FurthermoreRead MoreEdu-230 Teaching Strategies in Second Language Acquisition for Engl ish Language Learners649 Words   |  3 PagesTahra Meshell EDU230 October 10, 2015 Jamie Morris EDU-230 Teaching Strategies in Second Language Acquisition for English Language Learners Scenario 1: An elementary-aged student is an English language learner. The student is comfortable (low affective filter) trying new words and linking words together, but is not pronouncing the words correctly and/or putting words in the correct order (syntax). Development stage of second language acquisition and rationale for your choice: This scenario isRead MoreEnglish Language Vs. Foreign Countries Essay1186 Words   |  5 Pages[Date] English Language Education in Japanese Schools Introduction Teaching a second language always has its unique challenges, unlike teaching other subjects, in which instruction is in the learners’ first language. English, being an international language is taught across, most, if not all modern day nations. It is not only important for personal communication and professional growth but also for socialization in a world that is increasingly globalized (Fujimoto-Adamson, p. 259). English languageRead MoreElls Essay1006 Words   |  5 PagesUsing Strategies to Increase Oral Language Development for ELLs In recent decades, the United States has seen a dramatic increase in the diverse population, especially with English-language learners in the education system. English-language learners are students who are unable to communicate fluently or learn effectively in English. These students come from a non-English speaking home or background and require specialized instruction in the English language and their academic courses. Educators useRead MoreCapstone Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesExplain how understanding specific English language learners needs guided the choice of instructional strategies to support the content and language learning. It is essential to understand English language learners’ needs because ELL students face the combined challenge of learning all the academic content as other students, while also learning the language of instruction. With the rapid growth in the size of the ELL student population in the U.S., teachers who are effective recognizes ELL studentsRead MoreThe Approaches And Practices Of Language Teaching Essay1327 Words   |  6 PagesApproaches and Practices in Language Teaching Communicative Practices in Language Teaching What is communicative language teaching (CLT)? Brown (2014, p. 236) offered the following four interrelated characteristics as the definitions of CLT: 1. CLT helps students develop the four competences instead of merely focusing on their linguistic competence or grammatical competence 2. CLT enables learners to use the language for meaningful purposes in authentic situations. Learning language forms are not the aimRead MoreThe Effects Of Listening Strategy Instruction On Learners Autonomy Of The Iranian Efl Learners1049 Words   |  5 PagesIn the process of teaching English, listening strategy instruction as one of the language learning strategy is the missing piece of the puzzle of most language teaching classrooms. This is more obvious when most learners criticize about their ability in listen appropriately. In fact, language learners do not know the nature of listening, how to improve their listening, and how to overcome the listening comprehension problems occurring while listening. Because of insufficient researches in the field

Strategy and Leadership of Organisation

Question: Describe about the Organizational Strategy and Leadership Answer: Introduction: An organization is always defined by its mission, goals and objectives that need to be clearly provided in the organizational context. It should be clearly understood in terms of its business which is provided by the organization. Organizational Strategy can be defined as detailed assessment of tasks that is to be done and that has to be assimilated with proper planning and executing the plans thereof. There has to be a strategy that could state a benchmark for organizational effectiveness. Organizational strategy also involves implementation and evaluation of the strategies and to build on the weaknesses thereof (BusinessDictionary.com, 2015). Organizational strategy helps to achieve the objectives of an organization and also allocates resources to implement them. Leadership is a part of the Human Resource aspect where a leader takes initiatives to build on the accomplishment of task. A leader is a person who is followed in an organization by other employees. A leader has the ability to understand organizations strategic goals and can link daily performance to long term perspectives. A leader should also possess the ability of developing strategies to support the mission of the company (Jstor.org, 2015). Company profile of APPLE: Apple Inc. is a leading mobile communications company that was initiated in the year 1977 on 3rd January by Steven Wozniak and Steven Jobs. This company basically deals with designing and manufacturing of mobiles, personal computers, laptops, media devices, software services, peripherals. Some of its products include iPod, iPhone, iPad, Mac, Apple Tv and other software applications based on OS and iOS. It also provides with various accessories and service support offerings. The company is headquarterd in Cupertino, California. In 1980 Apple II was introduced in the market for higher prospects in the market. Apple was tried to come up with Apple III but it failed because it could not compete with IBM. Apple was the first company to launch mouse driven computer called Macintosh. But it could not perform well and Apple lost its hold from the market (Apple, 2015). In 1998 Apple launched a new computer called IMac which gave a huge impact to the company and sold 800,000 units within five months instantly. Later on they came up with digital music player called Iphone. Today Apple has 317 retail stores that consist of 233 stores in the US and 84 stores across other parts of world. It is also drawn that Apple consists of 34300 full time employees through Apple 2010 Annual report. Analyzing Business Strategy and External Environment When we discuss about an organizations business strategy we discuss about the progress, faults and success of Apple Inc and evaluate them on the basis of SWOT analysis. SWOT Analysis: Strengths: This relates to the capability of the company of using its resources, products and capabilities effectively in the market environment. One of the biggest strength of Apple is that it has able to position its brand name globally in the market in spite of presence of tough competition from the challengers. Apple has positioned itself to be the only brand developing products that are updated with latest fashion and technology. For example it introduced mobile iPhone , MAC and Ipad and Ipod in this industry. Apple is one of the companies that provide original hardware in the market for manufacturing its own products. This company develops its own internal subparts and other components to launch a product in the market. Apple cater to receive high customer satisfaction because of delivering very high end products in the market. Apple works with a strong Research and Development team (RD) who uses eco friendly techniques to develop a product. Inspite of highly priced the company has a strong preference in the minds of its customers who are loyal to the company. Weaknesses: There is a tough competition in the market from its competitors who are producing similar tablets, mobiles and computers. Therefore it is a weakness for the company that they have to deliver their best and maintain consistency. The company also failed to promote two of their products, one is Mac Mini and the other is Apple TV. Even it is a weakness that Iphone mobile is a single network operator gadget in this industry. Pricing is a very important aspect for Apple as all customers cannot cater to premium rated products for luxury means (Jurevicius, 2015). Opportunity: One of The biggest opportunities for the company is that the company is under telecom sector which in todays world is constantly growing and developing. Thus it helps in creating high demand for its products and services. Apple has taken initiatives to launch eco friendly and energy saving products in the market. Apple has also introduced new line of products in the market for price conscious customers. Intel chip has been introduced with operating system to develop iTunes and music player technology to venture into the software technology as well. Threats: Apple is facing enormous threat from its competitor like Dell, IBM, Samsung, HTC, Nokia etc in Indian and international markets as well. The company is also facing a threat of substitute products because taste and preference of the consumers are changing rapidly. Introducing new regulations and rise in the rate of trade barriers are also imposing threats to the company as a whole. There is a chance of global recession which can leverage as a threat to the company. PEST factors of Apple: Political: Half of the companys sales of their products and services come from America. We can infer that there are bad political relations between US and other countries which could provide bad output to the company. It was concluded that 52% of sales were not within America. Also we know that Apple produces many of its products which is not within USA. There were issues of political conflicts among places like Korea, Ireland, and China etc. Economic: UK has the worlds economic power in terms of prices going high and low. Therefore Apple got the added advantage with three main important factors: recession, currency and inflation. Customers gave low importance to Apples products because it was highly priced and catered to business level people of the world who could afford them. Also the value of US dollar keeps on fluctuating in the market therefore the economic effects on the company can be minimized. The economic depression can also pose an impact on the sales turnover and it could hinder the improvements of the company as a whole. Apple could increase its revenue only because the prices of dollar have gone down in current market scenario. Socio-Cultural: With globalization Apple has been able to socialize itself around the world. Today because of latest technology Apple has able to withstand its current position as one of the leading brands in the market. Apple has also penetrated its brand into the music segment and cyber world which is a very essential part in everyones life. There are classic examples of leaders from all over the worlds who portrays Apple as a class apart brand in individuals mind. Also recently the purchasing power of people have gone up which have shifted the peoples preference over Apple most likely. Thus Apple is considered as a status symbol in todays world (Ukessays.com, 2015). Technological: Apple needs to keep its pace along with its competitors and continuously upgrade their products with the latest technology. Over the past years Apples technologic al environment has synonymously increased in the globalized market. Today people give more preference over the latest modern gadgets and this factor is continuously encouraging the competitors for further improvement and Apple is doing so. Moreover Apple is sitting with most strong Research and Development team which no other brand has. There are well known engineers, technical personnel and IT professionals associated with this brand since years. Leadership and People Theories: Leaders associated with this company are considered to be major risk takers. They have the vision to account for companys profitability and hold a strong presence over emotional stability. They are adapted to change and are very highly focused in their work and open to experience such challenges easily. They are passionate towards their work and are fully dedicated to give best to the company. Analyzing the resources and capabilities of the company: The company discussed upon has a very healthy bunch of resources. Apple Inc. has many resources tangible as well as intangible. The resources that accounts for tangible resources are:1. The Human Resource: The human resource of the company comprises of the world class people with a great deal of experience as well as expertise in the job. Apple is known for its excellent design and its innovative and creative engineers.2. The hardware: The hardware that they use in their gadgets have brilliant show and its beauty adds to the value of the software that they use.3. The Software: Apple is known for the sophistication of its software, which is not available anywhere in any product. The software is of immense quality and has a long lasting feature without any corruption.4. Retail stores: Apple has many stores worldwide; these stores carry forward its reputation and make it more popular amongst the customers (Inc.com, 2015).Intangible Resources:1. Expertise of the employees: The employees of Apple Inc. are world-class engineers and developers who have innovation and creativity in mind. They design all the products in such a fashion, which can never be created by any other company. The company takes the pride of being the seller of the most beautiful gadgets in the world.2. Powerful Brand image: The name of the company is its biggest asset. The company is known in every nook and corner of the world. It is matter of high pride to own a Apple gadget.3. Customer Database: Customer is a matter of high priority to the company. They take care of the employees and maintain a strong database. They have outsourced the customer care facility available to the customers. So that the queries of the customers are solved very easily and they dont face much problem with the product.4. Unique design capability: As mentioned above the company manufactures very stylish and strong gadgets. These gadgets are well known in the world for their unique designs and these are why they have cult customers. These customers do not buy any other product once they start using Apple gadgets.5. Cash: The gadgets are the most expensive gadgets in the market. It is as if they sell value, some sort of state of art, which has no match with any other gadget. The company has generated huge revenue in the last one decade. The buying capacity of the people has increased and luxuries are dwelling in all sections now. People tend to buy products that are more luxurious and maintain standards. The internal capacities of the company: These threshold internal capabilities have made Apple the most desirable product in the market. In the absence of these capabilities, it is impossible for any company to exist in the market. Apple has the smartest engineers of the world. The unique style of the ex-CEO and founder of the company Mr. Steve Jobs has curved a different way to manufacture the products. The products are not only very beautiful but also very competent. The company itself designs the software. The engineers have produced products like OS X operating system. The products like iphone and ipod exploded in the market, the Macs are the excellent personal computers in the world. The Apple app has more than 300,000 applications in the app store. Apple store located anywhere are its distribution centres as well as they act as advertisements. The stores are wonderful place and they bring the best to the customers. Apple retail stores are the main sources of their success. Competitive edge of the company: The unique capabilities make the company gain an edge over other companies in the market. Other resources matter to the company but the core competency of unique designing makes Apple very desirable in the market. They target upper segment of the market who can afford it. Apple has its prime focus on the quality and demarcation for attractive products. The functionality of the products goes through many tests and the company spends a lot of capital in Research and development. Innovation with quality is the main objective of the company. Some years back Motorola, Nokia, Samsung acquired the cell phone market, but when Apple hit the market with its innovative products, the shine of all other product faded away. Apple creates more value to its customers and enhances the market growth with its product and services (Contents, 2015). Acquisition and Alliances of Apple Inc.: Apple has acquired as many as 21 companies till now. The companies that it acquires are mostly software companies. The company believes in developing technology within the house and takes no risk joined with integration of other companies. It is necessary for the company to believe in acquisition because they are producing more technologically advanced products. The reasons of strategic alliances of Apple are to gain knowledge from its competitors, managing the risks involved and to exploit the economies of scales. Apple also has its alliance with ATand T in the production of the Apple iphone. There were risks involved in the alliance of maintaining secrecy but the companies took the alliances and the market exploded with those beautiful and mind blowing phones. Market also saw the strategic alliance of Apple and Microsoft in developing software for Mac books on which Apple offered to put internet explorer to its computers. Apple also has its alliances with Intel for their core proce ssors into their products. It was for those customers who preferred Intel over windows processors. In the year 2004, Apple started its alliance with Hewlett Packard and developed software for its ipods. That software is itunes (Merriam-webster.com, 2015). Conclusion: After doing this intense study on the competitive strategy of Apple Inc. it is seen that the company does every possible function to make the product look very beautiful and technologically advanced. These products are much received and it has an inbound capability to produce cult customers. These customers do not go to any other product in the market once they start using the apple products. The apple product is a chain of values that are sold in the market. People are ready to buy the product with a high value, much more than all other competitors product. The customers find a satisfaction that no other product can deliver. The deliverance of the product is so high that it serves more than what is expected. Meeting the customer`s expectation is what the company does. The high end products of apple are targeted for the esteemed class of the society who are ready to pay the price for its functioning. The future of the company is assumed beautiful and successful. It has many alliances and acquisitions that have helped to come up with some of the best and innovative products of the world. The best part of Apple is that it believes in learning, learning with every pace. The company does not believe in stagnancy and is always in motion of its development. The development of Apple Inc is motivated and influenced by the leadership of its Ex-CEO and founder Mr. Steve Jobs. References: Apple, (2015).Apple (India). [online] Available at: https://www.apple.com/in/ [Accessed 18 Feb. 2015]. BusinessDictionary.com, (2015).What is organizational strategy? definition and meaning. [online] Available at: https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/organizational-strategy.html [Accessed 18 Feb. 2015]. Chandler, A., Hagstrom, P. and Solvell, O. (1998).The dynamic firm. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Contents, S. (2015).Strategic Analysis of Apple Inc. Table of Contents. [online] Academia.edu. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/7023858/Strategic_Analysis_of_Apple_Inc._Table_of_Contents [Accessed 18 Feb. 2015]. Inc.com, (2015).Welcome to Inc.com. [online] Available at: https://www.inc.com/welcome.html?destination=https://www.inc.com/karl-and-bill/3-strategies-to-adopt-from-apple.html [Accessed 18 Feb. 2015]. Jstor.org, (2015).Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process on JSTOR. [online] Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/257544?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents [Accessed 18 Feb. 2015]. Jurevicius, O. (2015).Apple SWOT analysis 2015 | Strategic Management Insight. [online] Strategicmanagementinsight.com. Available at: https://www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/products/swot-analyses/apple-swot-analysis-2014.html [Accessed 18 Feb. 2015]. Merriam-webster.com, (2015).Definition of Acquisition. [online] Available at: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/acquisition [Accessed 18 Feb. 2015]. Ukessays.com, (2015).PESTEL five forces and SWOT analysis of Apple. [online] Available at: https://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/pestel-five-forces-and-swot-analysis-of-apple-marketing-essay.php [Accessed 18 Feb. 2015].

How can Multinational Managers make Ethical Decisions

It is not simple to understand why multinational managers behave unethically. However, some general reasons that guide their behaviours could include societal culture, decision-making processes, personal ethics, organisational culture, leadership, and unrealistic performance goals.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How can Multinational Managers make Ethical Decisions? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The above reasons explain why international managers may behave unethically. Hence, ethical behaviour relies on whatever is good for an individual. Societal cultures differ from one region to another. Hofstede’s cultural dimensions of collectivism and individualism could help in explaining why managers behave unethically in different societies. For instance, managers would act unethically and promote corruption in countries like Russia and China, which emphasise collectivism (Robertson and Fadil 387). Internati onal managers may lack integrity and honour that guide their personal ethics. As a result, they may engage in unethical behaviours. While strong personal ethics may help multinational managers to act ethically, managers who found themselves in cultures that do not emphasise the importance of personal ethics may engage in unethical behaviours. Organisational cultures emphasise the importance of ethical behaviours when dealing with all stakeholders, but managers may not observe such practices in foreign countries. For instance, Chinese companies are known to emphasise economic benefits at the expense of other corporate responsibilities. As a result, they have encouraged corruption when seeking contracts and tenders in foreign countries. Leadership sets examples for others to follow. The Enron scandal demonstrates poor leadership that leads to unethical behaviours in firms. Hence, a failure in leadership may encourage unethical behaviours among junior employees. In most cases, multinat ional firms may not realise that their decisions are unethical because they fail to question their decision-making processes. For instance, critics have argued that Starbucks exploits coffee growers, but the company has not evaluated its decision to view them as unethical.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Parent companies put pressure on their multinational branches to perform better based on unrealistic performance goals (Hill 155). As a result, these companies resort to unethical practices in order to meet their performance expectations. Managers may ignore both personal ethics and organisational ethical practices in order to achieve performance targets by engaging in corruption. Multinational organisations have codes ethics that guide their operations overseas. Codes of ethics rely on Kantian and right-based theories of moral philosophy (Hill 163). These business codes of ethics have become under intense public scrutiny in the recent past. Such managers still experience ethical conflicts, but they must behave ethically. Managers should observe consistent ethical behaviours embedded in their firms in order to behave ethically. Codes of ethics must account for strategic decision-making processes in daily operations. Hence, multinational managers and their juniors have the responsibilities of observing and communicating organisational values. They should encourage culture changes in order to observe ethical practices in foreign countries. However, managers must observe that it takes significant effort and time to instil culture changes in an organisation. Managers should observe personal ethics and organisational ethical practices in order to behave ethically. Parent companies often pressure their foreign branches to perform best. Multinational managers must not be sceptical about their corporate ethical values or how such values relate to their roles, performances, or how other local managers perceive such values. Multinational organisations must encourage responsible leadership. Responsible leadership should focus on the entire organisation, and junior managers should encourage ethical values and comprehend how such values affect their roles. Leadership must also highlight potential ethical challenges and risks to the organisation. Managers encourage transparent hiring and promotion. Employees must maintain integrity and act responsible while the companies provide safe work environments. Managers also need moral courage to avoid unethical behaviours, and moral officers ensure that employees uphold ethical behaviours.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on How can Multinational Managers make Ethical Decisions? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The essay has highlighted causes of unethical behaviours among multinational managers. In addition, it also shows how such ma nagers can engage in ethical behaviours. Works Cited Hill, Charles. International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace, 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2013. Print. Robertson, Chris and Paul Fadil. â€Å"Ethical Decision Making in Multinational Organizations: A Culture-Based Model.† Journal of Business Ethics 19 (1999): 385–392. Print. This essay on How can Multinational Managers make Ethical Decisions? was written and submitted by user Justus Rowland to help you with your own studies. 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How to Deal With Suckers and Watersprouts on Trees

How to Deal With Suckers and Watersprouts on Trees In horticulture, the terms  sucker  and  watersprout  refer  to vigorous new shoots that grow from root stock or dormant bud tissue on trunks and branches. They are mostly a problem on fruit trees and some types of landscape trees. Suckers and watersprouts may occur on any tree when the tree has experienced stressful conditions, such as drought, severe pruning, or loss of a limb.   Watersprouts vs. Suckers Watersprouts and suckers are similar, but not exactly the same. They differ primarily in their location on the tree. A sucker is effectively a new propagation of a tree, but one that originates at the basil root level rather than by a seed. Suckers typically sprout up from below ground level, or very near the ground. They grow up as an extension of the roots. On grafted trees, such as many fruit trees, the sucker will sprout up below the level of the graft. If left to grow, the new tree will have the characteristics of the root stock tree, not the grafted stock. Such suckers should be removed when they appear. Certain species of trees typically propagate themselves through this type of reproduction, and suckers are also common on them. Privet and hazel trees are two such species. Here, too, suckers are considered invasive  and should be removed. Left unattended, suckers can gradually overtake a yard.   A watersprout is a form of shoot that originates above ground,  on the trees trunk or branches at the location of latent bud tissues. Watersprouts are very likely to arise in response to pruning or damage to the tree, such as branches broken off in storms. They are undesirable because the tissues in a watersprouts are not as strong as normal branches. In fruit trees, watersprout branches normally produce little, if any, fruit.   Sucker sprouts and water sprouts can sometimes provide clues to a  trees health. Both types of sprouts may indicate that there is injury or dead wood above the level of the sprouts. This is likely when a tree without a history of such sprouting begins to send out suckers and watersprouts. They are a compensatory mechanism, an attempt by the tree for to find vigor when it is not being provided by other vegetation.   How to Remove Suckers and Watersprouts It is best to remove suckers and watersprouts immediately. These shoots  divert energy from upper growth on the tree, and removing them will promote development  of the upper greenery. Suckers and watersprouts  can also quickly ruin the aesthetic appearance  of a tree.  Ã‚   Some care should be taken when removing suckers and watersprouts  to ensure clean edges. Tearing away sprouts can leave ragged edges where bacterial or fungus can take hold, so cutting them away with sharp tools is a better strategy.   Mix one part bleach and 10 parts water in a bucket.Dip your hand pruner or lopping shares into the bleach solution to sterilize the blades.  Cut away the sprout with the blade held at a 45- to 60-degree angle, as close as possible to the trunk, tree branch, or tree base. The goal is to cut inside any bud areas where new sprouts might emerge. Take care not to damage the trunk or main branch.   Where suckers or watershoots are extremely  prevalent, or when they appear suddenly on a tree with no history of them, it may indicate a major problem with the tree.  Removal of the tree  may be your only solution when suckers are too numerous. You will then need to apply a brush killer to control the sprouts that may come up from the remaining stump.

Pfizers Unsuccessful Takeover of Astrazeneca Essay - 5

Pfizers Unsuccessful Takeover of Astrazeneca - Essay Example On 25th November 2013, Pfizer, a US company expressed its interest to enter into a merger with AstraZeneca. This is a crucial stage of initiating a merger, where the interested party expresses for the first time the consideration for a merger. The second stage of the merger is the high-level discussion in which the two parties sit down and discuss in detail the path they are going to follow in the merger. At this point, the interested company proposes its offer to which the other party may accept or reject. On 5th January 2015, the two companies held high-level talks in which Pfizer offered $58 per share (Farrell, 2014). After considering the offer, the AstraZeneca rejected the offer and the no more discussion was held after January. The step of Pfizer to go public on its interest to merge with AstraZeneca in April 2014 is an important stage of the merger. The main purpose of this stage is to draw the public assessment into the merger and consider the logistics behind its association . At this point, other multinational companies have the opportunity to consider the offer evaluate and criticize it. The national government also is called at this point to intervene in merger and to consider whether the offer is to the public’s interest. From this point, the leader of the company engages the parliament before the science and technology committee to further negotiate on the offer. Later on, the company offers a higher bid and promises to give $69 per year and to absorb about 20% of the researchers for at least five years (Farrell, 2014). At this stage, AstraZeneca has an opportunity to reconsider how this offer would affect their business. The CEO of the company needs to obtain information on how the merger would benefit its company and how his management would achieve their goals. The fact that the company rejects the offer at this stage shows that the company is bound to  lose from the bond.

International trade theory and policy Term Paper

International trade theory and policy - Term Paper Example Before the end of World War II, countries had their own protectionist measures in place in terms of tariffs to safeguard their domestic manufacturers and businesses since a long time. The high tariffs were becoming a great hindrance to global trade. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in first six rounds from 1948 through 1967 provided the basic framework for tariff reductions. All first six rounds were mainly devoted on reducing tariffs and other barriers to trade and eliminate or lessen discriminatory treatment to promote global growth in trade (World Trade Organization). While there were only 23 participating countries in the first round of discussion, this numbers increased to 62 during the sixth Kennedy Round of negotiation. The 23 founding members of the GATT were also part of a group who were negotiating the ITO Charter as a specialized body of the United Nations. The ITO Charter was quite ambitious as it covered rules on employment, international investment, res trictive business practices, and commodity agreements. Early provisions of GATT did mention about accepting some of the trade rules of the ITO draft; however, the ITO Charter could not be ratified due to serious opposition within the US Congress. This resulted into the early death of the ITO charter and GATT remained only instrument that governed international trade (World Trade Organization). Through intensive talk and deliberations right from the first to the sixth round of negotiations, the participating countries could arrive at the consensus to reduce effective tariff rates from 38% in 1947 to just 9 percent by year 1972. Apart tariff reduction, the major turnaround came in the sixth round of negotiation when anti-dumping agreement came into effect. It should be noted that first five rounds were focused on item-by-item negotiation for the reduction of tariffs while the sixth round took some bold approach reducing tariff across the board; however, it is important to keep in mind that these rounds had little success in achieving non-tariff trade relations among the nation. The sixth round also called the Kennedy Round lasted over 3 years and provided tariff concessions to the tune of $40 billion. In view of the strong global protectionism prevailed at that time, achievements in the Kennedy Round were noteworthy. The Kennedy Round was the first of its kind that went beyond tariff reduction discussions and advanced the idea of non-tariff barriers besides highlighting the concerns of the developing world; however, trade in services, intellectual property rights were never discussed in the first six rounds of negotiation (World Trade Organization). Q: Discuss the global economic conditions in the mid-70s, and the anti-trade policies that became common despite the GATT. Motivate by worry about these policies, the 7th (Tokyo) Round was called to start in 1973. How can this Round be simultaneously considered a â€Å"success† (by the GATT Secretariat) and a â€Å"failure† by most international economists. Answer Those were the tumultuous years in mid-‘70s when Bretton Woods system based on fixed exchange rate collapsed. The system failed because the US dollar came under tremendous pressure to devalue. In the process of financing the Vietnam War and implementing public welfare programs during those years, the US government had increased its spending substantially that eventually resulted into increased money